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BSN Program

The program integrates nursing theory, practice, and science with a broad liberal arts education.

Citing UpToDate and Cochrane Reviews in APA Style

Citing Original and Timely Content from UpToDate and Cochrane Reviews

APA designates distinctive citation formats for articles from these databases:

  • an example of a citation for an UpToDate review:

Robertson, R. P. , & Udler, M. S. (2024).  Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. UptoDate.  Retrieved September 3, 2024,

from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search

  • an example of a citation for a Cochrane Library review:

Peer, N., Balakrishna, Y., & Durao, S. (2020). Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.  https://doi.org//10.1002/14651858.CD005266.pub2

Citing an entry from Essential Evidence Plus

Like UpToDate, Essential Evidence Plus is a subscription database with proprietary content reviewed and updated regularly.  A retrieved date is also included to alert a reader that the information may have changed since it was retrieved.  The citation format below is recommended:

Robertson, S., Caviness, D., Song, C., Smilnak, T., & O’Connor, N. (2023). Diabetes mellitus (type 2). Essential Evidence Plus. Retrieved September 3, 2024, from https://www.essentialevidenceplus.com/content/eee/127

Citing the Merck Manual Professional Version

Citations from the Merck Manual follow the APA Publication Manual guidelines for an entry in an encyclopedia or reference work.  Because the Merck Manual is updated regularly, a retrieved date is also included to alert a reader that the information may have changed since it was retrieved.

Brutsaert, E.F. (2023). Diabetes mellitus (DM). In Merck Manual Professional Version. Merck & Co., Inc. Retrieved September 3, 2024, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-and-disorders-of-carbohydrate-metabolism/diabetes-mellitus-dm