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GEOG 102: Human Geography

MLA Style (Modern Language Association)

MLA Style is commonly used in Composition courses as well as some Humanities classes. 

You can work with the MLA Style Guide (pictured on the bottom left), or with the resources provided in this guide.

You'll find basic examples of citing books, articles, web resources, and creating in-text citations.   Additional online resources are also included.

 

If you cannot get access to the MLA Style Guide, you can refer to Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL).  Their MLA Formatting and Style Guide includes examples and instructions for citing the most common types of sources.

 

Green-- author (Last name, First)
Yellow--Title (italicized)
Blue -- Publisher
Red -- Date

 

Green-- author (Last name, first Middle Initial)
Yellow--Article Title (in quotation marks)
Blue -- Journal Title, including volume and issue numbers (italicized)
Red -- Year
Purple -- page numbers
Brown -- Database
Magenta -- URL

 

Green-- author (Last name, first)
Yellow--Article Title (in quotation marks)
Blue -- Website Title
Red -- Year
Magenta -- URL

 

APA Style (American Psychological Association)

APA style was created by the American Psychological Association for use by professionals and students preparing papers in psychology, nursing, social work, communications, education, business, and engineering among others.

Why use APA style? So that those in the discipline listed above have consistency in their exploration of information in their fields of study being able to scan quickly for key points and sources. Understanding APA Style will also help students further explore information and resources in their research.

Papers written in APA style should be double spaced.  The page with the citations should start a new page and be labeled "References", any citations longer than one line should be double spaced, and for any citations longer than one line, use hanging indents on the second and all subsequent lines of the citation. If appendices are includes they will follow the References pages.

The citations in this guide are general citations from the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association shown below.  For more information and more details on the formatting, writing, and citing of papers see the links below. And remember you can always ask a librarian!

Basic book citation example:

       Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power. Routledge.

This example shows first author name, last name followed by first initial, in parenthesis the year of publication, title in italics ending with publisher name. (Citation found on page 321 of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association seventh edition.)

In-text citation examples:

          Parenthetical citation: (Burgess, 2019)

          Narrative citation: Burgess (2019)

For further examples of different types of textual works see the resources below.

 

Basic article citation example:

      Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences. Educational Leadership, 76(1), 26-33.

This example shows first the author, last name followed by the first initial, then the year of publication in parenthesis, followed by article title, then the journal title in italics next is volume number in italics followed by issue number in parenthesis, and last is the page rage of the article. (Citation found on page 317 of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association seventh edition.)

In-text citation examples:

          Parenthetical citation: (Anderson, 2018)

          Narrative citation: Anderson (2018)

For further examples and examples of different types of articles follow the links below.

Basic webpage on a website citation example:

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm 

This example starts with the author in this case the group that authored the piece the Center for Disease Control. Nest in parenthesis is the date the webpage was published, followed by the title in italics.  Last comes the webpage URL. (Please note that as this citation is longer than one line the second line should have a hanging indent)(Citation found on page 351 of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association seventh edition.)

In-text citation examples:

          Parenthetical citation: (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018)

          Narrative citation: Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2018)

For other types of electronic and webpage, citations see the links and resources below.

 

For all other types of sources including reports and gray literature, Conference presentations and proceedings, dissertations and theses, and more, including intext citations see the resources and links below.

For legal citations guidance beyond the APA Publication Manual visit the Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School at https://www.law.cornell.edu/ and https://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/

Citation Tools

Mendeley logo

Mendeley.com

In short: Mendeley is a tool that enables you to manage citations and PDFs using a desktop client or through your account on mendeley.com. Mendeley also includes plugins for Word or OpenOffice, so you can easily create citations and/or bibliographies as you write your papers.

About Mendeley:

  • FREE citation management tool
  • Desktop version & browser extensions to help add & use citations right in your browser
  • Annotation and highlighting options     
  • MS Word compatible in-text references & bibliographies
  • Can sync to an online account (free) for access to your references on the go
  • Works with library research databases via direct import/export and download-to-import options

Installing Mendeley:

  • Download PC or Mac version from the Mendeley web site: https://www.mendeley.com/features/
  • After downloading the desktop version, add the Web Importer to your browser(s)
    • Installing may require a quick restart of the browser.

After Installing:

  • Restart your browser.
  • Go to Mendeley.com to create an account. Doing so is strongly recommended, for syncing citations and on-the-go access to your “library” of sources.

For Maximum Impact:

Want to learn more about Mendeley and how to use it for your research?

Let’s talk! We can set up an in-person or remote appointment to help you use this tool.

 

>> PS: We do not guarantee citations (in-text or bibliography entries) will be perfect. >> You definitely still want to proofread and verify that all the necessary citation information is included for the style (e.g., APA, MLA) and type of item you're citing. :-)

Zotero Logo

Zotero.org

In short: Zotero is a research tool that helps users collect and organize sources. It’s a free, open-source program that can be downloaded as a browser extension for Firefox, Chrome, and Safari and as a standalone program that works with Windows, Mac, or Linux systems. It’s also desktop application that lives in your browser. For many major databases and websites, the program can tell when a list of books or articles is displayed by showing an icon in the address bar, so citation information can be saved with just a few clicks.

About Zotero:

  • FREE citation management tool
  • Desktop version and browser extension to help add & use citations right in your browser
  • Annotation and highlighting options     
  • MS Word integration for in-text references & bibliographies
  • Can sync to an online account (free) for access to your references on the go
  • Works with library research databases via direct import/export and download-to-import options

Installing Zotero:

  • Download PC or Mac version from the Zotero web site: https://www.zotero.org/download/
  • After downloading the desktop version, add the browser extensions for your preferred browser (Chrome, Safari, Firefox)
    • Installing will require a quick restart of the browser.

After Installing:

  • Restart your browser.
  • Go to Zotero.org to create a Zotero account. Doing so is strongly recommended, for syncing citations and on-the-go access to your “library” of sources.
  • Zotero accounts allow you to sync your references between computers and use groups.

For Maximum Impact:

 

Want to learn more about Zotero and how to use it for your research?

Let’s talk! We can set up an in-person or remote appointment to help you use this tool.

 

>> PS: We do not guarantee citations (in-text or bibliography entries) will be perfect. >> You definitely still want to proofread and verify that all the necessary citation information is included for the style (e.g., APA, MLA) and type of item you're citing. :-)

 
   

Google Scholar logo

Citation Help via Google Scholar

In short: Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites. Google Scholar helps you find relevant work across the world of scholarly research.

About Google Scholar:

  • FREE
  • Looks like Google so it’s user-friendly and familiar
  • Ways to access full-text scholarly sources through CMU (see below for set-up)
  • You can create an account and Save articles to review at a later time/date
  • Create a search alert for when new material on your topic(s) of interest have been added
  • Can search patents and case law (legal content), too

Getting Set-up for Success with Google Scholar:

  • Click  at the top of the page to access Google Scholar Settings in your browser
  • Click “Library Links” on the left side of the page
  • Search for: Colorado Mesa University
  • Check the box for “Colorado Mesa University – Full-text available”

Interpreting Your Google Scholar Search Results:

Google Scholar search results highlighing Cited By, Related Articles, and Cite functions as well as CMU full text linking

 

But Beware – Nothing is Perfect! We do not guarantee citations (in-text or bibliography entries) will be perfect. >> You definitely still want to proofread and verify that all the necessary citation information is included for the style (e.g., APA, MLA) and type of item you're citing. :-)